Table of Content
Types of Suffix: 👇
- VERB SUFFIX
- ADVERB SUFFIX
- NOUN SUFFIX
- ADJECTIVE SUFFIX
1. VERB SUFFIX: Suffix which is used to turn a word into Verb is known as Verb Suffix. Letters or a group of letter like ‘ish’, ‘se’, ‘fy’, ‘ize’, ‘ate’, ‘en’ etc. is added to a word to make a new word called Verb Suffix.
Example of Verb Suffix:
|
Suffix |
Examples |
|
-ate |
accommodate, activate, assassinate, annihilate, captivate,
communicate, complicate, concentrate, decorate, dominate, exterminate,
oxalate, irritate |
|
-ed |
arrived, called, climbed, laughed, missed,
reached, trained |
|
-en,n |
broken, deepen, fallen, gladden, harden,
lengthen, loosen, soften, shorten, widen |
|
-er |
bigger, bluffer, chatter, clutter, faster,
flutter, fritter, glitter, glimmer, longer, pater, |
|
-ify |
amplify, beautify, certify, clarify, identify,
magnify, modify, rectify, satisfy, signify, simplify, terrify, |
|
-ing |
eating, reading, laughing, swimming, |
|
ish |
finish, , nourish, publish, punish |
|
-ise, -ize |
economise, industrialise, realise, apologize,
civilize, fertilize, organize, legalize, mechanize, popularize,
victimize, |
|
-se |
cleanse, rinse, tease etc. |
2. ADVERB SUFFIX: Suffix which is used turn a word into Adverb is known as Adverb Suffix. Letters or a group of letter like ‘wise’, ‘ward’, ‘ly’, ‘fold’ etc. is added to a word to make a new word called Adverb Suffix.
In adverb of number we add ‘ce’ instead of ‘e’, ‘ice’ instead of ‘o’ and ‘ee’ etc.
one-once
two-twice
three-thrice
Example of Adverb Suffix:
|
Suffix |
Examples |
|
-ally |
organically |
|
-fold |
fourfold,
manifold, |
|
-ly(in
a manner |
absolutely,
badly, beautifully, clearly, curiously, deeply, directly, eagerly, easily,
entirely, exactly, forcefully, fortunately, happily, historically, hopefully,
hopelessly, kindly, lovingly, madly, oddly, partly, possibly, quickly,
randomly, sadly, secretly, slowly, softly, weakly, widely, wisely |
|
ward(s)(manner,
direction) |
afterward,
backwards, coastward, downward, forward, homewards, leftward, rightward,
towards, upward |
|
-ways |
edge-ways,
length-ways, sideways, slantways, sunways |
|
-wise(in
a manner) |
clockwise,
circularwise, crosswise, edgewise, lengthwise, likewise,
otherwise, profit-wise, sidewise, spirewise, zigzagwise |
3. NOUN SUFFIX: Noun Suffix which is used to denote agent, state action, result of an action, condition, being etc. Letters or a group of letter like ‘er’, ‘ess’, ‘ee’, ‘ar’, ‘or’, ‘ist’, , ‘tion’, , ‘ty’, etc. is added to a word to make a new word called Noun Suffix.
Example of Noun Suffix :
|
Suffix |
Examples |
|
-age(action,result) |
bondage, breakage, leakage,
marriage, package, stoppage |
|
-al(action) |
arrival, approval, denial,
dismissal, proposal, recital, refusal |
|
-ance(action) |
abundance, appearance, assistance,
attendance, disturbance, importance, insurance |
|
-ar(person) |
beggar, liar, scholar, etc. |
|
-cy |
accuracy, bankruptcy, decency,
fancy, emergency, lunacy, urgency |
|
-dom |
freedom, kingdom, martyrdom, wisdom |
|
-ee(agent) |
absentee, addressee, examinee,
nominee, payee, trainee |
|
-en |
chicken, kitten, maiden |
|
-ence |
absence, difference, excellence,
existence, innocence, obedience, preference, presence, prudence, reference |
|
-er(person) |
adviser, blogger, driver, engineer,
fighter, maker, mountaineer, painter, producer, reader, singer,
speaker, teacher worker, writer |
|
-ess(feminine agent) |
actress, hostess, authoress,
poetess, waitress |
|
-et |
locket, lancet |
|
-hood |
boyhood, childhood, brotherhood,
manhood, parenthood |
|
-ion |
celebration, combination,
deceleration, education, fashion, opinion, revision, union |
|
-ism |
barbarism, criticism, patriotism,
socialism |
|
-ist(a person) |
artist, atheist , chemist, dentist,
dramatist, egoist, moralist, novelist, optimist, pragmatist, pessimist,
scientist, socialist, typist, |
|
-ity |
ability, accessibility,
cruelty, electricity, facility, falsity, fertility, flexibility,
reality, sociability, visibility |
|
-ling |
sapling, duckling, stripling,
darling |
|
-logy |
biology, ecology, geology, zoology |
|
-ment |
acknowledgement, agreement,
argument, arrangement, improvement, judgement, |
|
-mony |
matrimony, testimony, parsimony |
|
ness(quality) |
Boldness, darkness, goodness,
kindness, happiness |
|
-ock |
hillock, bullock |
|
-or (a person) |
actor, donor, sailor, supervisor,
vendor, professor, editor |
|
-ry(place) |
dispensary, library, nursery,
treasury |
|
-ship |
friendship, hardship, lordship,
membership, partnership, scholarship |
|
-sion |
compulsion, confession, confusion,
conversion, extension, illusion, inclusion, procession |
|
-th |
birth, breadth,
death, growth, health, length, warmth wealth, width |
|
-tion |
action, agitation, botheration,
confirmation, conviction, creation, dictation, examination, formation,
opposition, reformation, reflection, refraction, stagnation, starvation,
translation |
|
-tude |
attitude, fortitude, magnitude,
servitude |
|
-ty |
certainty, loyalty, cruelty,
ability, electricity, unity, reality, cruelty, anxiety |
|
-ure(action, resulting state) |
departure, erasure, enclosure,
failure, legislature |
|
-yer,er |
buyer, destroyer, dyer, employer,
player, lawyer, taxpayer |
4. ADJECTIVE SUFFIX: Suffix which is used to turn a word into Adjective is known as Noun Suffix. Letters or a group of letter like ‘al’, ‘ive’, ‘ly’, ‘less’ etc. is added to a word to make a new word called Adjective Suffix.
Example of Adjective Suffix:
|
Suffix |
Examples |
|
-able |
adaptable, comfortable,
credible, drinkable, eatable, forcible,
favourable, honourable, lovable, readable, profitable, valuable |
|
-al |
accidental, brutal,
central, cultural, criminal, coastal, educational, fatal, functional, herbal,
horizontal, legal, mental, mortal, musical, national, natural, physical,
political, royal, vital |
|
-ant |
brilliant, defiant, reliant, vigilant |
|
-ary |
Budgetary, complementary,
contrary, customary, documentary honorary, necessary, planetary |
|
-ate |
fortunate,
obstinate, temperate |
|
-ed |
cultured, coloured,
finished, gifted, learned, salted, spotted, talented, wasted, wretched |
|
-en |
broken, earthen,
fallen, golden, silken, wooden, woollen |
|
-fold |
twofold, threefold,
mainfold |
|
-ful(having,
giving) |
Awful, beautiful, delightful,
helpful, hopeful, , faithful , fruitful, grateful, merciful, skillful,
successful, useful, meaningful, wonderful |
|
-ian, an |
Indian, Italian,
American, Victorian, Russian |
|
-ible |
admissible,
audible, divisible, permissible, possible, visible |
|
-ic |
angelic, comic,
domestic, democratic, energetic, heroic, historic, poetic, telegraphic,
tragic |
|
-ical |
biological,
classical, comical, critical, economical, geological, musical, technical |
|
-id |
humid, vivid, lucid |
|
-ile |
fragile,
servile, juvenile |
|
-ine |
feminine, canine,
divine |
|
-ish(belonging to) |
blackish, childish,
foolish, English, Irish, polish, selfish, slavish, Turkish, yellowish,
whitish |
|
-istic |
characteristics,
fantastic, optimistic |
|
-ive |
active, affirmative,
attractive, attentive, creative, constructive, negative, productive,
supportive, talkative, |
|
-less(without) |
boundless,
cheerless, faultless, fearless, helpless ,hopeless, homeless, meaningless,
senseless, shameless, useless |
|
-like |
birdlike, childlike,
doglike, lifelike, ladylike |
|
-ly(having
qualities of) |
brotherly,
cowardly, daily, frankly friendly, hilly, hourly, lovely, monthly,
weekly, yearly |
|
-ous |
adventurous,
courteous, famous, glorious, glamorous, dangerous, nervous |
|
-y(like, covered
with) |
angry, brainy,
bloody, dirty, fruity, funny, greedy, healthy, hungry, needy, creamy, hairy,
faulty, wealthy, windy |
Exercise :
Use the suffixes given in the list to form new words witghthe following words:
List of Suffixes: age, al, ar, ee, er, hood, ist, ish, ity, ment, ness, orm, ous, tion,
- sail....
- present.....
- absent.......
- carry.....
- brother......
- happy.......
- child.......
- able.........
- speak.....
- type.......
- beg........
- arrive.......
- merry.......
- translate.....
- danger.........